Management and Wolfgang Keller Essay

1) Who is Wolfgang Keller? What are his key strengths and weaknesses? Wolfgang Keller is the Managing Director of Konigsbrau-TAK, which is the Ukranian subsidiary of a major premium beer brewer. Keller has previous experience in financially turning around a German food product manufacturer’s two subsidiaries (relatively smaller in scale than his current organization). Keller’s foremost strength is his ability to turn around an apparently difficult (for example, the economic turn-around of various subsidiaries) and at times apparent impossible situations (for instance, resolution of a distributor’s lawsuit, collection of payment from a near-bankrupt distributor, etc.). He has been successful in managing an organization in a foreign country for which he has made efforts to learn the language and understand the business culture. He has a hands-on management style and likes to be actively involved in the operational aspects of the business. He has the ability to build personal and, if needed, informal relationships with his staff and c ustomers alike which has been instrumental in the better performance of his company. As Dr Haussler has indicated, many of Keller’s weaknesses are â€Å"the other side† of his strengths. For example, his attempts at being hands-on can be perceived as over-interference by his sub-ordinates. Also, by trying to manage situations by himself he makes himself open to criticism over his team-working and proper delegation abilities. Keller himself recognizes that he can be impatient and may not give enough time for his ideas to settle in the minds of others. Another of his weaknesses, again as highlighted by his manager, seems to be his less than cordial relationship with corporate staff and infrequency of reporting to the corporate headquarters and his line manager. This is also something that may be construed as a problem with Keller’s working practices as a part of team. 2) What important issues does Keller face? What are the most pressing problems he needs to address upon return to Athens? There are three important issues which Keller faces and they are as follows. First is to try and improve upon his shortcomings (as highlighted in his annual performance appraisal) vis-à  -vis the corporate staff and his line manager. There have been questions raised about his personality and attitude which include his management style and his ability to work well in a team. This may not be the most pressing problem but it could turn out to be a hard one to improve upon. This is because it might require fundamental changes to how Keller is used to work with and manage his staff. Second, is the issue of his working relationship with Mr. Antonov. Keller has been in-charge of all operational activities with minimal involvement from Antonov in the general management of the subsidiary. This has been noticed by the senior management in Germany and Keller has been advised to try and keep Antonov in the loop more than he is currently. The management recognizes the importance of Antonov’s maturity and experience of the local business and Keller has been asked to make such use of Antonov. Third, and this is the most pressing issue faced by Keller, is the apparent performance issue of Mr. Brodsky, the commercial director. Keller, over the course of two years of Brodsky being in the company, has noticed several issues with Brodsky’s performance. Keller feels that Brodsky is too slow to react to situations and he (Keller) has had to intervene many a times in order to prevent a potential disaster to the company. According to Keller, Brodsky’s â€Å"formal and distant† style is not suited to his job as a commercial director and moreover does not tune in well with Keller’s current and future commercial strategy of which an integral part is a close relationship with the company’s distributors. Keller does not see Bordsky as a leader of his sales force and considers his management style as more suited to a corporate staff based job than as a line manager. 3) What would you recommend to Keller to improve his effectiveness and chances of success? I think, Keller’s experience in relatively smaller company previously has influenced strongly his working and management style (as is hinted by his manager and accepted by himself). He tends to rely much on personal contacts with his staff and even his customers and probably dislikes corporate procedures (evident by his apparent errors in interpreting corporate policies) and standard reporting mechanisms (evident by his infrequent communication to his line management). This works for a smaller organization but in a larger, multi-billion dollar, company Keller must learn to respect the importance of formal and frequent communication both upwards to the senior management and encourage it from his direct reports. If Keller has to succeed and move further up he needs to develop this skill of taking stock of and manage a situation when it may not be possible to be directly involved in that. This I believe is crucial for Keller. Keller needs to learn the art of suitable delegation. Keller can tend to micro-manage situations and thus encroach upon his subordinates’ job responsibilities. Keller has defended this approach by pointing out that he uses the same approach with all his managers and none have raised a flag except Brodsky. I think this is something that Keller must address — he needs to delegate properly and thus build an atmosphere of long-lasting trust amongst his subordinates. His reports may only joke about it as of now (ref. the mock organization chart) but in future that may turn into something similar to what’s happening with Brodsky. Keller needs to control his natural inclination to be too hands-on and must try to hold back. A failure can teach a lesson more than constant lessons from a line manager. So depending on the situation it may be wise for Keller to let his report take a decision which in Keller’s opinion may not be the best one. About the current issues that Keller is facing with Brodsky, as Keller himself concedes, firing Brodsky may not be the best decision at this moment. Keller should try and find the middle path with Brodsky – use his strengths and make his perceived weaknesses unimportant and make him feel free enough to manage his department. I think Keller should somehow try and get positive feedback from staff (maybe through a round of â€Å"360 degree feedback†) to verify whether his analysis that Brodsky is not a â€Å"charismatic leader† is really true or unjustified. It could be that Brodsky’s staff may be too happy to have a leader who delegates rather than someone who is constantly involved in their day-to-day work. Keller, in the short term, should try to have an open mind about Brodsky’s abilities and try and involve him more in the setting of the overall commercial strategy of the company and let him have more freedom in managing his department. This would not only do well to his image as a team-worker but may also help in improving relations with Brodsky. Further, if Brodsky’s performance still does not change, Keller might be able to form a stronger case of Brodsky’s removal from the company.

Relationship between Emotional Intelligence Abilities and Team Processes Essay

Clarke’s article seeks to use the emotional intelligence ability model to establish emotional intelligence’s significance as part of individual difference among team members and if it can affect team effectiveness. It is a report on a research conducted using the ability model of emotional intelligence to identify the relationship between EI and the transitional, action-based and inter-personal team processes aspects of team-work behaviours. The article also considers the base set by other researchers’ findings and theories concerning EI and its relationship to team-work behaviours. In this research paper, Clarke discusses several previous researches done, on this topic, using different models and then conducts his own research using the emotional intelligence ability model. The reason for this research conducted by Clarke was to have better knowledge of the nature of teamwork and also the factors contributing or underpinning team effectiveness, in order to help organisations the expected gains brought by understanding emotional intelligence abilities. This study also sought to establish the significance of perceiving emotion, understanding emotions and using them to facilitate thinking, and managing one’s own emotions as well as those of others. The Main Theoretical Predictions of This Study Clarke looks at previously conducted studies by other researchers. One of the things is that when the ability based measure is used there is positive relationship between the ability of a team leader to have an understanding of emotion and the team’s customer-service team-rating based performance. Another thing is that there is a negative correlation between a team leader’s EI and a managers’ ranking of a team’s overall performance. Another thing is that aggregated measures of team-members ability emotional intelligence show positive correlations with a team’s ability emotional intelligence and a team’s performance. Also, there is no significant relationships between the level measures of individuals, but rather noteworthy positive relationships between a team’s civic virtue ratings by the participants’ and about all the individual emotional ability scores. The other part of the previous studies is where researchers used the Workgroup Emotional Intelligence Profile, the WEIP. This measure assesses emotional intelligence using self/peer-report responses instead of tests based on performance. Some of these tests show a significant correlation between the average emotional intelligence of a team and goal focus. In other words, team members who showed they had higher skills and more familiarity caused a team’s effectiveness to improve. The studies also showed positive relationships between a team’s emotional intelligence and the use of differing collaborative and competing approaches to conflict resolution. One prediction is that EI will be found to be positively related to transition team processes. Clarke predicts that if relationships are examined a more direct way between EI abilities and the differing transition, action as well as inter-personal team processes already pointed out as important to team effectiveness then the potential role of EI ability in team effectiveness would be become clearer. In this case, EI abilities are predicted as directly affecting some of these specific team-work processes and interaction. Another prediction is that there is a stronger correlation between EI and actions, transitions and inter-personal team processes than between EI and individuals who are more oriented towards higher collectivism. Recognising the potential influence of emotion on decision making, problem solving, and creativity is a clear indication that EI plays an important part in team processes associated with formulation of strategies like the planning of tasks and allocation of roles and those related to goal specification. The relationship between EI and team-work behaviours which are associated with team processes can be moderated by a person’s motivational nature towards team-work. Collectivist orientation is related to team behaviours like individual input to a team, and a group’s cooperative team behaviour and negotiation behaviours. Higher efficacy for team-work as well as positive past experiences in a team are related to individuals’ self-report collectivism. Therefore, individuals’ collectivist orientations may show their degree of motivation for team-work. Consequently, there are interaction effects between EI abilities and individuals’ collectivist orientations. The Findings of Clarke’s Study Clarke’s study established that EI explained direct, unique variance in transition and inter-personal team processes as the two team process sets regarded as important role-players in team-effectiveness. But only three EI individual branches were of any importance, and they still were different in each case. Concerning transition processes, there was found a positive connection for the emotional ability only: perceiving emotions in oneself and in others. This was a confirmation of previous research that showed a positive significant connection between goal focus and team-level EI ability measures. Also Clarke did not discover any significant connections between transition processes and the rest of the emotional intelligence abilities, suggesting that the transition processes is the most significant emotional ability when it comes to contributing to team behaviour associated with this particular team activity phase. The ability of an individual to perceive and appraise emotions accurately is the most important when it comes to using and acting on the emotional knowledge. This suggests that team members who have greater sensory awareness levels can engage to a great deal of effectiveness in team behaviours like setting tasks and time-scales associated with means of achieving the team tasks. It was found that general mental ability is important at this team activity phase, but the ability of perceiving emotions accounted for 3% more variance to team members’ engagement in necessary team behaviour linked to this team effectiveness aspect. These two emotional abilities were the most important in helping team members to take part in inter-personal team processes, when they use emotions to facilitate thinking and managing one’s emotions or those of others. The relationship between EI and team-work behaviours which are associated with team processes can be moderated by a person’s motivational nature towards team-work. Collectivist orientation is related to team behaviours like individual input to a team, and a group’s cooperative team behaviour and negotiation behaviours. Together, the two emotions accounted for 8% variance, while general mental ability was insignificant. Surprisingly, no significant correlations were found between any of the EI abilities and team processes. These findings also suggest that where individuals in a team have a bigger share of outcomes in a team, or where are much longer team durations or work cycles, emotional intelligence abilities can affect team action processes more significantly. 7 specific context variables were found to influence team type. These included the temporal duration, basic work cycle and teams’ task structures. Another finding is that there is a stronger connection between emotional intelligence and actions, transitions and interpersonal team processes than between EI and individuals who are more oriented towards higher collectivism. The potential influence of emotion on decision making, problem solving, and creativity clearly shows that emotional intelligence plays an important part in team processes associated with formulation of strategies like the planning tasks and role allocation and those related to goal design. This research paper shows how simplistic the obscure assertions on emotional intelligence’s importance to team effectiveness are. Differing emotional intelligence abilities are related to specific teamwork behaviour, which become significant during the stages of team activity. The findings also show that there is need for much more complex structures on the relationship between emotional intelligence and particular cognitive, verbal, and behavioural activities in a team. The findings can therefore be concluded thus: EI explains direct, unique variance in transition and inter-personal team processes; only three individual EI branches, however, have any significance, and still, they were different in each case. How Organisations Can Make Use of These Findings These findings show that emotional intelligence is a significant part of individual differences among team members contributing to the effectiveness of a team. A team’s effectiveness depends on its team members’ abilities to perform behaviours that are related with specific processes at different stages of team activity. Individuals who have more developed emotional abilities in these circles will most likely make more significant contributions during such times. This may make team leaders’ role of allocating roles and responsibilities in a team less complicated. The instruments used to make assessments regarding these emotional abilities can help organisations to identify team members demonstrating strengths in particular emotional abilities. Organisations can be able to call upon those individuals who show high levels of sensory awareness that is related to perceiving emotions to play more important roles during transition stages while focussing on setting of goals and planning of tasks. On the other hand, those individuals with better developed emotion management abilities may be called upon to play the more important part of supporting the teams’ inter-personal team processes. Team can also be able to focus on particular emotional abilities, by considering more focussed developmental activities. Learning interventions that are team-based and undertaken in a place of work can help individuals in an organisation to use their emotions more efficiently to enlighten their thinking. If understood better, the differential roles of emotional abilities in the performance of necessary team processes can bring about development of more effective, focussed interventions. By identifying how EI is related to particular team processes linked with differing stages of team activity, organizations can be able to identify operational conditions of emotional intelligence. Emotional abilities were found to be directly related to transition as well as interpersonal team processes, although EI abilities were not related to action team processes. The crucial finding that EI abilities’ variation in inter-personal team processes are greater than for any other team process suggests that EI could be of far greater importance in teams where interpersonal team processes are by far more dominant. Therefore, selecting team members on the basis of their strengths in particular emotional abilities can help organizations develop more focussed ways of attaining more effectiveness in their teams at differing stages of team activity. These findings can also help organisations have a clearer picture when it comes to conducting future research. References Clarke, N. (2009). Emotional Intelligence Abilities and Their Relationships with Team Processes. Team Performance Management, 16:1/2, 1352-7592.

Plesae read the atricle and answer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plesae read the atricle and answer - Assignment Example Subsequently, the author details how during the post war years different actors helped to re-define the shrines in terms of pre-Imperial power and greatness of Japanese tradition. Likewise the article details the historical meanings and religious connotations that the shrine has had on various groups throughout Japanese history to include: Buddhist monks, Yamato dynasty, Imperial Japan, and Post-World War II Japanese culture and society. In a sense, by analyzing the way that this shrine has had such a profound effect on the determination of the society and the different factions within it, the author is able to emphasize how locations and images have a profound effect on the identify of given groups and how they in turn relate to the rest of the world around them. The greater understanding that the reader is about to walk away from this piece with is that humanity ascribes its own unique values and belief systems to historic relics or shrines that exist in contemporary society. This truism is especially helpful in understanding how religious movements and radical political movements are able to gain such a great deal of influence and form a clear (albeit oftentimes patently false) connection to some point in history. Naturally one immediately recalls the Nazi’s attempts to bend history and various shrines to their own distinct interpretation of

Education - Educational Enquiry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Education - Educational Enquiry - Essay Example The data then must be subjected to statistical analysis for verification of the percentage error in it and various tests and measuring scales can also be used to check out the results reflected by the data (Peers 1996, p. 1). With the analysis of the data, the researchers then can elaborate on the details of their study and successively make a conclusion and recommendation. With the recommendation in mind, follow-up studies can be made based on the suggestions given by the past researchers shown in their reports and papers. For the paper on TMA03, the discussion will focus on the details regarding the research design and data production and on how to apply the concept upon the past articles on TMA01 and the topic on TMA02. The paper then will be divided into two tasks as the first task will cover the articles from TMA01, while the second task will focus on the topic of TMA02 and elaborate on it. On TMA01, a pair of articles was chosen and those would be subjected to some questions wh ich comprised the first task of the paper. The first task then will cover the transparency of the research conducted by the authors of the chosen articles. Next, the rationale will be checked as to whether it is connected to the methodological approach used by the authors of the articles. Then, an alternative design will be suggested that may better fit the studies conducted by the authors of the chosen articles. Lastly, the data collection practice of the authors of the chosen articles will be analyzed and some suggested alternative methods will be provided and discussed. The paper talks about research design and data production which will be applied on two articles used in TMA01. Research design is about putting a scientific question into an experiment to test its validity (Matthews and Kostelis 2011). The framework of the experiment then is dependent upon the questions that serve as guidelines. Each design then has its own strengths and weaknesses. It does matter when researchers are going to choose the right design for their particular study. Once they have chosen the framework, then they have already created the blueprint for their study to undertake (Craig 2009, p. 89). They usually have questions as guidelines like what are the questions needed for the accomplishment of the study, what information are related and needed for the research, what data must be obtained and how to process and study the collected data. It can then be divided into various types of designs from fixed to flexible frameworks. Those are known as qualitative and quantitative research designs. Fixed and flexible designs can then be both quantitative and qualitative research designs (Madeyski, 2010, p. 5). Flexible research designs provide the space for adjustments which give the researchers the chance to make some changes in the process or methodology. On the other hand, fixed designs are rigid which makes it difficult for researchers to make some on-the-spot changes. It also require s the design to be finalized before doing the data collection. Its advantage is the freedom to adjust especially for the qualitative variables. The downside of having fixed design is the opportunity to change once controlled and experimental variables are identified because fixed designs are heavily patterned after theories

The Portinari Altarpiece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Portinari Altarpiece - Essay Example There are various subjects in the painting as on the left is Tommaso Partinari, Saint Thomas, and Anthony Abbot, while the two sons of Tomasso, Pigello, and Antonio are kneeling down. The right panel holds the images of Maria Maddalena Portinari, the wife of Tomasso and their eldest child, Margherita and alongside them is Saint Margaret of Antioch and Mary Magdalene. At the center of the art piece, Jesus is laying on the ground while shepherds and angels are kneeling before Him (Levy, Macy & Van, 2012). At the center of the art piece, there are various objects and elements with symbolic importance as well as emblematic figures. The central panel represents the Adoration of Christ as it depicts Mary in a deep prayer showing her acceptance of what her child will persevere as the savior of humanity. Consequently, the Holy Family is revealed in Bethlehem in a manger with shepherds, animals, and angels as Baby Jesus lies on the ground surrounded by an array of golden light. In the foreground, there are two urns of flowers and wheat that represent the Passion and Eucharist (Ridderbos, Hagopian, & McCormick, 2005). The wheat represents the Last Supper where Jesus severed the bread. The white lilies characterizing the smaller vase embody the immaculate and purity conception of Christ while the orange ones represent Christ’s â€Å"Passion† in his later life. Consequently, the second vase holds columbine and purple flowers that correspond to the â€Å"Seven Sorrows of the Virg in.† In the backdrop of the left pane, Joseph and pregnant Mary are seen escaping to Egypt, while the background in central panel; angels visit the Shepherds and on the right, the Three Magi are on their way to Bethlehem (Kleiner, 2012).

Service and Relationship Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Service and Relationship Marketing - Essay Example Changes have to be brought in with a strategic marketing approach on the basis of the service and relationship marketing. "Relationship marketing is not only a new or improved way of communicating with customer it is much more than that." (Gronroos 2007, p. 43). Werribee Park is situated in Australia. It is one of the oldest parks with a past tale of love and betrayal. It was a part of older England that situated in the centre of Victoria and also Werribee Park hall is the largest personal house ever constructed in Victoria. Park envelops 40,500 hectares and the homes have 60 quarters. "The Ministry of Tourism adopts many policies to counteract hurdles and obstacles which come in the way of the development of Tourism in a country. Policies adopted by Ministry of Tourism are aimed at enhancing services and tourism tools to attract as many tourists as possible." (Tourism industry growth, n.d.). The Victorian government has formed a scheme of almost13 Maritime Nationwide Parks and 11 minute Maritime Sanctuaries. All these recreational areas and sanctuaries at present guard almost 5.3% of Victoria's waters protect significant maritime territory and genus, important normal features, artistic tradition and artistic values. Visitors of the Park ca n take pleasure in an idle setting. Proper customer relationship must be maintained in every service industry to attract more visitors. Almost 10 hectares of land and beautifully manicured ceremonial gardens are enclosed by the Werribee hall "a recent addition to the grounds is the Werribee Park Sculpture Walk. Winding through the original farm and riverine, the Sculpture Walk features 29 works by Australia's leading sculptors, including selected winners of the national Helen Lempriere Sculpture Award." (Werribee park, 2009). Through efficient ecological and guest organization we can see that, Parks Victoria's greatest commitment is to protect the resources. Parks Victoria utilizes employee's crossways in the State in a broad variety of functions. Just about 70 per cent of the employees are experts with formal training in park and preserve administration, ecological administration and leisure. This extremely capable and knowledgeable team contains experts from all the business schemes. In addition to that, proper service and customer relationship must be maintained to increase profit as well as revenue. The mansion in the Werribee Park has been said to be the biggest private dwelling ever in Victoria. It was built more than hundred years back for a popular family of those days. The building is rich with its pictures and other artistic reserves which prove that it is almost similar to an English noble residence. Target market: The target market is any place where the product is to be sold. In the case of park taget is to implement the environment to attract the visitors who are about to visit them. The market place is found by mutual analysis and evaluation on the demand for the product. The target marketing actually divides the market into different category, these allows the organization to concentrate on the only product they deal with. There should be interested places for the kids, students, teens, and the adult. The target marketing also helps to find the right pricing for the parks in the locality. It also helps in keeping a record on the dealer's

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment - Essay Example Through the trial and error of experience society has a system of allowing us to find which system works for us. For example going to college right after high school or getting a job both systems yields results. We decide which is best for us as individuals. 2. Guided by the discipline’s three major theoretical approaches come up with sociological questions about (a) television, (b) war, and (c) colleges and universities. How has television changed in the approach to children’s programs? Well children’s programming is becoming more and more adult in nature. Sexual implications are now acceptable content for children’s animations and cartoons even some language has become acceptable. Children should not be exposed to such things. Children copy what they see. A child should behave as a child not an adult. How has war (unable to resolve conflicts) affected our society? Well war to me is any unresolved conflict whether or not it’s a battle in the field or in the office the results during and after war are pieces trying to come together. The situation in Libya is an unresolved conflict over government regime. That unresolved conflict has resulted in the rising of gas prices.

Importance of Leadership Functions Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Importance of Leadership Functions - Lab Report Example The importance of leadership functions within an organization is transformation. Leaders have a crucial role of ensuring the transformation of their environments and culture. Senior leadership teams evolve new mindsets. Additionally, teams, individuals and organizations grow, adapt and prepare for future outcomes and challenges. These entities learn to change their actions and procedures for performing their actions, making it simple to solve organizational problems. The organizational need to adapt during turbulent financial and economic times leads to operational problems (Pierce & Newstrom, 2011). It is essential to note that leadership functions cannot force change by using technical approaches only. They need different leadership capabilities that will facilitate the reframing of dilemmas and reform operations. Additionally, these new capabilities will reinterpret options. The process of organizational change is usually inevitable. Economic and operational worlds are rapidly cha nging and shifting towards effective and efficient operational methods. These include the use of technological tools to advance operations and economic outcomes. Additionally, leadership has changed to a multi-disciplined activity. The process of leadership tries to cope and apply knowledge to the processes, structures and systems that need completion (Pierce & Newstrom, 2011). Conventional leadership wisdom states that the right business approaches and structures will provide innovation, agility and efficiencies. that an organization requires for successful and sustainable operations. Organizations with inefficient leadership face several problems because leadership functions are not fulfilled. For instance, they face problems with the integration of systems and collaboration with partners. These organizations also face challenges with the coordination of supply chains. In these organizations, innovation is thwarted or haphazard (Packard, 2008). Additionally, customer focused strat egies are usually

Have to choose a good topic from the area of ICT or computing Essay

Have to choose a good topic from the area of ICT or computing - Essay Example or your browser automatically installs program without seeking your permission and ends up installing a spyware or you click on a pop up and that triggers a program to install a spyware onto your machine. Apart from hackers, spywares are mainly created by the advertisement companies in order to track the online behavior of users. Along with spywares, the advertisement companies can also infect your system with tracking cookies which can track every site that you have browsed and can fetch the vital personal information. Generally the spywares created by these companies are not as lethal as the ones created by the hackers, in case the companies do not use the information for anything else apart from marketing but these spywares also turn your machine into a data transmitter for these advertisement agencies, seriously affecting the performance of your home based system. Imagine the previous times full of inconvenience and hassles when we had to stand in what appeared to be never ending queues, to execute any transaction at the bank be it some money transfer or even a minor enquiry. We had to spend hours for booking the railway tickets and for paying our utility bills. Then we jumped onto the era of internet where most of the needs of the day are resolved using internet itself. Few individuals now can be seen doing the transactions standing at the bank. But, as the wise people say â€Å"There are no free lunches†, there is a cost associated with this convenience as well. The sole identity that a person has during any online transfer is his password. In case the password to your bank account has been hacked by a smart hacker, after tracking the data from your computer system, he can transfer millions from your account into his account in just a few seconds. To your nightmare, it does not end here. He can sell the vital information, related to your company’s strategy and stored in your system, to the competitor and since the information has been leaked from

Gendered Societal Expectations of Appearance and Their Effects Upon the Individual Essay Example for Free

Gendered Societal Expectations of Appearance and Their Effects Upon the Individual Essay It has long been generally accepted that we as humans are influenced greatly by the things that surround our everyday lives. These things can include friends, family, co-workers, the media and even society as a whole. The society in which people live can play a huge role in how they view themselves and how they view others. Over the years researchers have come up with many theories as to how and why society has such a large influence on people. Now-a-days there are appearance prescriptions for everything in our society. It is not good to be too fat, but it is not good to be too skinny either. The way a person looks, dresses and acts is a large factor in how other people will think about, talk about and respond to them. These societal prescriptions also differentiate between other factors such as gender, race, level of education and more. Interestingly most of these prescriptions for appearance in society today are relatively unspoken until someone violates them. This paper will attempt to shed some light on the complex societal prescriptions regarding personal appearance and body imaging; more specifically it will delve into how those prescriptions are gendered within society and how people respond both positively and negatively to those prescriptions. As previously stated appearance prescriptions are very strong in our society especially when it comes to societal expectations regarding gender. These gendered expectations cause people to do all types of things for the sole purpose of fitting in to societal norms. Some women exercise religiously to maintain a good looking body, other women go tanning regularly because they think it is embarrassing, or even unacceptable, to be pale; there are also many men who do the same things for the same reasons. While looking good is not a bad thing sometimes these societal prescriptions, or expectations, can cause people to go too far. When people are not satisfied with themselves and their appearance they can become desperate and have feelings of inadequacy about their physical appearance. These feelings of inadequacy can lead to depression or making destructive decisions which can include but are not limited to over-eating or even eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia. There have been numerous studies done on the relationships between societal pressures to be thin and body dissatisfaction among both men and women. One such study, from the University of Texas at Austin that studied the effects of social pressure to be thin on women said that â€Å"These same pernicious messages (that one is not thin enough) are thought to foster negative affect, because appearance is a central evaluative dimension for women in Western culture† (Stice, 2003). This study tested what sources most influence societal expectations of appearance and the different ways those expectations can negatively affect women (Stice, 2003). It concluded that some of the biggest social pressures to be thin come from the mass media, family members and peers (Stice, 2003). It also concluded that the negative effects of these social pressures can go in two different directions, this is not to say that women negatively affected cannot fall victim to both types of effects (Stice, 2003). A synopsis of this study could say that societal expectations to be thin often create body dissatisfaction within women (Stice, 2003). This body dissatisfaction, which can often lead to depression, frequently leads to either restrictive dieting or binge eating. Restrictive dieting, while not bad in itself, can lead to unhealthy eating habits such as eating disorders, laxative abuse or other methods of losing weight that can be extremely harmful to the person practicing them, and binge eating â€Å"because it is commonly believed that eating provides comfort and distraction from negative emotions† (Stice, 2003). A similar experiment, coming from the University of Toronto, studied the relationship between body image and depression among adolescents regarding adiposity (Chaiton, 2009). This study suggests â€Å"that body dissatisfaction may mediate the relationship between overweight and depression† (Chaiton, 2009). It goes on to suggest that the relationship found between obesity and depression is differentiated by gender because of the difference in societal expectations placed on women and men (Chaiton, 2009). The study concluded that females experience body dissatisfaction almost solely when they believe they are overweight, whereas both males who believe that they are under or overweight experience body dissatisfaction which can in all cases lead to some level of depression (Chaiton, 2009). As the aforementioned study showed societal expectations concerning appearance can, and often do, affect men just as much as they do women (Chaiton, 2009). Our society pushes men to be big, muscular and manly. To certain degree the more muscular a man is the more attractive he generally is within society. A study from an international journal regarding social behavior and personality concluded that the attractiveness of a man is more important in determining social desirability than the age of the man in question (Perlini, 2001). Comparatively the results of these two studies add up to say that the attractiveness of a man is one of the main factors in determining societal desirability and one of the biggest factors in being attractive is being muscular or strong. This puts a lot of pressure on males to be concerned with how they look in comparison to society’s expectations of how they should look. There are numerous different theories as to why societal expectations differ between genders, but none that can definitively explain why prescriptions concerning appearance are the way they are (i. e. women should be skinny and men should be muscular). Some theorists take a biological approach saying that something within the genetic makeup of human beings causes men to be larger and more muscular and likewise causes women to be smaller and skinnier; therefore it is innate within human beings to prefer women to be skinnier and men to be more muscular. Other theories use a combination of nature, a biological approach, and nurture, an approach that says how and where people are raised effects how they view the world, to explain why there is such a gendered difference in societal expectations. While still others use strictly nurture based theories to explain these differences. An experiment from Colby College testing the awareness of preschoolers to societal expectations of gender showed that by the age of five or six humans can easily differentiate between what society expects differently of men than of women (Raag, 1998). Granted this study tested the societal expectations of gender based on toys (tools and dishes) and how the children themselves reacted to the toys as well as how the children thought others (parents, babysitters, friends, etc. ) would react to them playing with the aforementioned toys (Raag, 1998). On the whole the children were able to identify that the tools were for boys to play with and the dishes were for girls; the children also, with no hesitation, said that boys playing with dishes or girls playing with tools would often be responded to negatively by parents or babysitters or the like. That means that while this study cannot shed light on the societal expectations of strength versus thinness it does give some credence to the nurture side of the theories mentioned earlier (Raag, 1998). In summation the societal expectations of appearance can have both positive and negative effects upon people. Society pushes for women to be thin, but not too thin and for men to be muscular, but not too muscular. Society pushing people to be in shape is not a bad thing; studies have shown that being physically fit is not only good for people physically, but also mentally. When people feel attractive it boosts their confidence and self-esteem which has been proven to increase mental health. It just happens to be that some of the anxiety or stress put upon people to look good to others can cause them to do harmful things to themselves and others. For instance constant pressure from the media and other outside influences to be skinny and tan has led countless females to have eating disorders and go artificial tanning all the time, neither of which are conducive to being physically healthy. Those same influences have led to countless males developing eating disorders as well to lose weight or even start using all types of drugs, that harm themselves and can harm, or cause them to harm, others, such as anabolic steroids or pro-hormonal supplements simply to gain muscle mass at unnatural and unhealthy rates. The best thing anyone can do to help society as a whole to resist unhealthy expectations regarding appearance is to spread awareness. It may sounds overplayed but awareness about a problem and the education necessary to fix or even just alleviate that problem is always to first step to solving that problem. At the end of every abovementioned study the researchers conducting the study talked about the significance, or importance of that study, and every single researcher included somewhere in that section that raising awareness about the issue at hand was one of the most significant aspects to their respective studies. This is because being aware and educated about a problem is one of the most important and fundamental ways to confront a problem; especially one of this magnitude. This problem will never be solved if society as a whole does not become aware of, and change, how it effects people’s everyday lives regarding physical appearance.

Generation Y And Management Business Essay

Generation Y And Management Business Essay This research is aimed at seeking to comprehend the Generation Ys employment related preferences, beliefs and attitudes as well as senior members and employers impression of this generation. It is understood from previous researches that there are certain areas of configuration within which this generation so called Baby Boomers have realigned themselves. It is however worth noting that, differences in opinion and perceptions within the generation have surfaced, symptomatic of the existence of negative stereotypes, biases and perception, and potential zones of divergence and even clash at the place of work. Sometimes if these disagreements and negative perception are left uncontrolled, organizations will certainly lose their competitive advantage. These elements are those that this study aims to develop in relation to shift of mindset and stereotypes within our management platforms. Both of the Baby boomers and other generations at work places should find it necessary to reflect upon their own impressions recognizing the time bared schools of thought and embrace the and take affirmative stepladder towards change. Introduction The Generation Y is expansively known as the ages born between early 1980 and the year 2000. This is a generation with unique characteristics. This is a generation known to be independent of mind, results oriented and confident. Although information technology growth and expansion began in the previous generation known then as Generation X, the Y generation was begotten into an era dominated by technology and most often understands more in regards to the digital world hence known otherwise as the Digital generation. They further are perceived to know more about information technology than their teachers and their parents. The generations enhanced technical know-how has thrown this generation into an age otherwise known as Global village that is accessible to everyone. This generation has caused a lot of changes within the management divide. Most of these are highly associated with the beliefs and the values of these generations that suggest different ideals in the workplace. According to Nagle, (1999), work doesnt define life. This is a belief held by the Generation X. Generation Y on the other hand appears to associate itself with a work-environment or work-life that is balance with flexibility and one which defines their position within the job. It is within these parameters that this study aims to find out the challenges presented to the today managers at workplace who must always recruit, train and constantly motivate this highly sophisticated generation of employees so that their wealth of creativity can be utilized by the company. In order to succeed in the time to come, it will remain essential for organization and company managers to comprehend these new employees. Problem Statement Majority of the Gen. Ys focus more on their individuality, it is possible to argue that there exists very little relationship about the generation X and Y, their generation as a whole contains remarkably common characteristics. Generation Ys were begotten into an age of information technology, praise, resource and indulgence. This has resulted to a myriad of defining traits. This research seeks to provide a clear comprehension of the youngest generation in the management profession presently. It seeks to examine their traits, what attributes attracts or motivates them to work with are associate themselves with an organization and what keeps them with a particular employer, manager or management, as well as their career aspirations and the impacts for employers trying to bring them on board, develop and retain them. Purpose and objective of the study The purpose of this research would be to analyze in detail establishing the following: Who are the Generation Y and their characteristics? How are the Generation Y characteristics affecting the management systems? What is the relationship of the current management styles with the Generation Y? Significance of the Study This article considers the impact of the new generation of employees entering the hospitality workforce and the changes in management paradigms that will be required to successfully recruit, select, train and motivate Generation Y to achieve the objectives of the company or the organization, given the premeditated significance of manpower management (human resources) in creating competitive and sustainable service organizations. This research aims to analyze the current state of mind on Generation Ys job-related attitudes, values and behaviors and reviews the studies that have been carried out to the current date on the Generation Y in the work environment. Literature Review Generations X and Y To better understand Generation Y, we first look at the preceding age group, Generation X, to determine how the two generations differ from one another and how these differences affect the work atmosphere. Generation X is usually explained as the age following the baby boomers and born between 1961 and 1979. The term is based on a novel by Douglas C (1991) adults trying to discover themselves in society. Terri Nagle (1999) describes Generation X as, the most ignored, disheartened, misunderstood and disheartened generation that our country has seen in a long time. This generation grew up during the beginning of the technological revolution era. Home computers, PCs and the internet became widely their characteristic (Everet, Craig R. 2010) everywhere. The MTV generation began growing up in unstructured households, dealing with new issues of disease and trying to make it through the Cold War. Generation X learned how to avoid the mistakes of their parents and grow into a generation who values education, hard work, and the power of money. These characteristics are quite different than Generation Y. Generation Y is widely known as the generation born between 1980 and 2000. This generation is confident, independent, and goal-oriented. Although, technology advances began in the Gen X era, Generation Y was born into technology and often knows more about the digital world than their teachers and parents. The enhanced technological knowledge has launched this generation into an era that is accessible everywhere to anyone. Gen Y has high self-esteem; they are the trophy generation that allows every child to get a medal or praise, leaving no one behind. The values and beliefs of these two generations suggest different ideals in the workplace. Generation X believes, work is a thing you do to have a life (work doesnt define their life), (Nagle, 1999). Gen Y on the other hand seems to want a work-life balance with flexibility to define who they are in their job. Generation Y presents a challenge to managers who must train and motivate this next generation of employees so that their strengths become a benefit to the company. Being able to understand new generations as they move into the work force will continue to be an adjustment for managers for years to come. To be successful in the future, it will be important for companies and managers to understand these new employees. Management Style According to studies that have been done by other peers it is evident that Generation Y workforce, management style was among the top motivational characteristics that Gen Y was interested in from an employer. They wish to be treated on an individual basis and acknowledged, whether it is positive or negative. As one respondent stated, Acknowledgement is important. You are less likely to be motivated to do well if you are not acknowledged, whether you do well or not. A classic example of this is from the movie, Smith J et al (1999). The employees are all treated the same and when Peter Gibbons decides to change things in the office and do things his way. Instead of getting fired, he gets a promotion. Peter stepped out of the monotonous workforce and decided to create a motivating work environment. Another way for managers to increase the motivation on Gen Y workers is to challenge them at their daily tasks. Work can easily become boring and un-motivating to an employee who is constantly doing the same thing every day. To combat this, managers can assign different tasks to the employee; allow them to work on different projects and to keep an open mind to how the employee can bring new and motivating ideas to the company. As another study participant noted, When an off the wall idea isnt immediately shot down, I am more encouraged! Gen Y employees are motivated when given the freedom to work as they please. These employees do not want a manager telling them what to do at every second, but they do desire regular feedback. They prefer a guiding hand to a micromanager. Employees want to know if they are doing the job well and if theyre not, it is up to the manager to help train and motivate them to be the best they can. Gen Y needs be motivated through constant reward and recognition. Because of their short attention span, recognition and rewards must arrive quickly, (Nagle,1999). Role of Managers in handling Generation Y A very important role for managers is to create mentorships within the company. This allows the senior employees to reach out to the Generation Y employees and offer them advice and counseling in a new environment. This is a very successful way for Gen Y to learn about the values of the company, as well as gain insightful knowledge in an industry that is foreign to them. One of the respondents gave an example of this by stating: Direction is important. You want to have a good mentor that will give you a sense of direction rather than having you aimlessly reaching. Gen Y is not a generation that can remain happy without seeing the significance of their work. Wandering aimlessly and never seeing the end results of their work leaves them frustrated and unmotivated. As one respondent stated, Why work on something if you have no idea what the benefit will be from efforts. This is why communication is one of the most important aspects of dealing with Gen Y. If they feel their job has a sen se of purpose, they stay motivated and open to direction and leadership from mentors. Employees who are open-minded are more apt to grow and develop in their industry. Ideas and knowledge can be transferred successfully through generations as long as everyone is open to new and old ideas and can find a way to build them into the daily office routine. It is crucial for managers to understand that Gen Y craves continued education from their colleagues. They seek challenging tasks and have a desire to gain knowledge by working with the employees around them. Methodology Research Design The survey method is will be used to investigate the level at which the characteristics and behavior of the Generation Y has impacted the management systems. According to Mugenda, (1999) and Mbweza, (2006), survey research seeks to identify what large number of people think or feel about certain issues. Given that the total number of respondents (comprising of the the youth through the social media, teachers and local leaders) is 150, this is relatively a large number of study sample compared to the study area to qualify this as a survey. (Moreso, Orodho, 2003) and (Mbweza, 2006) indicates that surveys are used to describe some aspects or characteristics of human population such as opinions, attitudes, believes or even knowledge of certain phenomenon. This study still fits as a survey as it seeks to find out and describe what the respondents know about Generation Y and overall generational shift, its benefits as well as its demerits as regards to management systems within companies a nd organizations both corporates and medium sized organizations. Target Population The target population will comprise teachers, youth representatives, local leaders, managers and a sample of those within the social media network. Teachers will be targeted as they are perceived to understand and posses a lot of information as regards the youth and overall generational change and associated management dynamics when they teach and interact with the young generation who majority of them fall within the generation Y. It is thought therefore that they may have very important information that may help in this study. The youth representatives will also be targeted as they are the people who are so into the system and causing the management dynamics due to their characteristics of the workplace. Sample selection and sample size To select a representative sample, a researcher must have a sampling frame (Mugenda, 1999). This is a directory or index of cases from which a sample will be selected. The researcher will select a list of representatives from the target groups within the location of study. According to Orotho, (2005), sampling is a process of selecting a sub-set of cases in order to draw a conclusion about the entire set. Therefore the researcher will have three representatives of the target population. The representatives will be expected to fill questionnaires, take part in interviews from their areas of work while those who are not employed will be requested to accompany the researcher in carrying out survey. The researcher will strive to formulate questions that will be given to the sample selected among the users of the social media network Data collection instruments The study will use questionnaires, focused groups discussions and interview method to obtain data from the respondents. Questionnaires method will enable the researcher to collect a large amount of information in reasonably quick space of time (Orotho, 2005). However, because of the importance of interviews in allowing the researcher to investigate and prompt things that we cannot observe (Wellington, 2000), they will be used on all respondents. Hence the interviews will enable all the respondents to give their account of situations which they have lived, gone through or seen. Interviews will also enable the researcher to acquire detailed information from the respondents. To obtain this in-depth information from the youth representatives and teachers, interviews will be best suited for this purpose. The interview will also be used to collect information from the teachers and the managers because their number is relatively manageable. Pilot Study Before collecting the actual data, the researcher will carry out a pre-test on the questionnaires to enhance reliability of the instruments (Mugenda, 1999). The pilot study will enable the researcher to correct any ambiguity in the questionnaires. These instruments will be piloted within the College staff who will not be included in the actual study. However, according to (Wiersma 1985), interviews and focused group discussions will not be piloted as they are verbal instruments that are used in the presence of the investigator who may correct any ambiguity that may exist in the questions by simply rephrasing the particular questions. Validity of the Instruments According to (Mbweza, 2006) Validity refers to the extent to which a test or instrument measures what it was intended to measure. The questionnaires in this study will be validated through application of content validity. Gay (1981) identified that content validity is a matter of judgment by the researcher and the professionals. There is no way it can be computed and there is no way it can be expressed quantitatively (Gay 1981). Hence the researcher will carry out deeper reviewing of the instruments with colleagues in order to enhance the validity of the instruments. The researcher will also consult widely from the project supervisor and other departmental and non-departmental lecturers for comments and suggestions which he will consider and incorporate in order to validate the questionnaires.

Jean Rhys Use of Conflicting Narratives of Antoinette and Rochester in

Jean Rhys' Use of Conflicting Narratives of Antoinette and Rochester in "Wide Sargasso Sea" There are many techniques Jean Rhys uses to bring across the point that the narrators are unreliable and the truth twisted, it is an interesting and effective idea as it makes the reader feel confused on who to trust and really involves them in the book, they become party to the secrets. Rhys’ book is so complex as it is obviously linked to the Classic book- ‘Jane Eyre’; this is classic English literature and therefore is always in our minds during WSS. Those that have read ‘Jane Eyre’ normally like to trust Jane as she is a heroine who we have sympathy for; we are introduced to her from when she is young so we know and understand her and how she behaves. Also in ‘Jane Eyre’, Mr.Rochester comes across very innocent, you believe he is trustworthy and that he loves Jane, you want them to be happy together- when he reveals his 'mad wife' to Jane you feel sympathy for him as he is in such a bad situation, you also feel sympathy for Jane; you feel resentful towards Bertha as she ruined what Jane and Rochester could have had; it is easy to feel like this as you don’t know her, as you do in WSS. Bertha, in ‘Jane Eyre’, gets locked up in a luxury place; it seems she has her own 'quarters' unlike in WSS. When you read WSS I felt less sympathy for Mr.Rochester because you don’t really get the impression that he loves Antoinette and that he is only marrying her for money. Another factor that creates contrast between these novels is it is set in a midst of strange confusing things (WSS) and a completely different culture, which is chaotic and primitive, this makes us more misplaced. Whereas in ‘Jane Eyre’ the culture is... ...ve in Jane. However I think eh main reason why I find Antoinette more credible is because we here from her from the start, when she is young. When we are first introduced to Rochester’s narrative we are lost in the switch from part to part so we don’t get so in-depth with him, Antoinette starts the novel so we trust her account; it’s the first we hear. I generally feel more sympathy for her two as she was never favoured or appreciated as a young child, rejected by her mother, father, only friend Tia (who steals her dress), when she is finally accepted by Richard Mason (stepfather) it is to sell her off to Mr. Rochester who then accepts her but late rejects her by- sleeping with her slave whilst she can hear them. She has little power as a woman and so has to live with these changes made by others. This is why I feel sympathy for Antoinette over Rochester. Jean Rhys' Use of Conflicting Narratives of Antoinette and Rochester in Jean Rhys' Use of Conflicting Narratives of Antoinette and Rochester in "Wide Sargasso Sea" There are many techniques Jean Rhys uses to bring across the point that the narrators are unreliable and the truth twisted, it is an interesting and effective idea as it makes the reader feel confused on who to trust and really involves them in the book, they become party to the secrets. Rhys’ book is so complex as it is obviously linked to the Classic book- ‘Jane Eyre’; this is classic English literature and therefore is always in our minds during WSS. Those that have read ‘Jane Eyre’ normally like to trust Jane as she is a heroine who we have sympathy for; we are introduced to her from when she is young so we know and understand her and how she behaves. Also in ‘Jane Eyre’, Mr.Rochester comes across very innocent, you believe he is trustworthy and that he loves Jane, you want them to be happy together- when he reveals his 'mad wife' to Jane you feel sympathy for him as he is in such a bad situation, you also feel sympathy for Jane; you feel resentful towards Bertha as she ruined what Jane and Rochester could have had; it is easy to feel like this as you don’t know her, as you do in WSS. Bertha, in ‘Jane Eyre’, gets locked up in a luxury place; it seems she has her own 'quarters' unlike in WSS. When you read WSS I felt less sympathy for Mr.Rochester because you don’t really get the impression that he loves Antoinette and that he is only marrying her for money. Another factor that creates contrast between these novels is it is set in a midst of strange confusing things (WSS) and a completely different culture, which is chaotic and primitive, this makes us more misplaced. Whereas in ‘Jane Eyre’ the culture is... ...ve in Jane. However I think eh main reason why I find Antoinette more credible is because we here from her from the start, when she is young. When we are first introduced to Rochester’s narrative we are lost in the switch from part to part so we don’t get so in-depth with him, Antoinette starts the novel so we trust her account; it’s the first we hear. I generally feel more sympathy for her two as she was never favoured or appreciated as a young child, rejected by her mother, father, only friend Tia (who steals her dress), when she is finally accepted by Richard Mason (stepfather) it is to sell her off to Mr. Rochester who then accepts her but late rejects her by- sleeping with her slave whilst she can hear them. She has little power as a woman and so has to live with these changes made by others. This is why I feel sympathy for Antoinette over Rochester.

Tragedy And The Common Man :: essays research papers

In Arthur Miller’s 1949 essay, "Tragedy and the Common Man," Miller began by saying, "In this age few tragedies are written." This particular essay was published in the New York Times, was also the preface that was prepared for "Death of a Salesman" in 1949. Before Miller’s "Death of a Salesman," there was only one type of tragedy—that which fit Aristotle’s definition. For Aristotle, plays of tragedy had to revolve around kings, gods, or people of high class. In these classic tragedies, the diction must be elevated and fitting of the characters.Arthur Miller challenged just about every belief and convention that had previously been accepted about tragic plays, as in Shakespeare’s "Hamlet"—which could be considered the paragon of tragedies. In claiming, "The tragic mode is archaic," Miller explains "that the common man is as apt a subject for tragedy in its highest sense as king s were." This very notion that regular people are just as fit to be main characters in a tragedy as royalty was also applied to the audience’s understanding of a tragic play. If the play was supposed to be about upper-class people, and was spoken in a vernacular that was only known to the high-bred, how were the common people who saw these plays supposed to comprehend their meaning? The only way for this problem to be solved, according to Miller, was to present a character to whom the audience will readily relate. Miller did this by presenting Willy Loman, the main character of "Death of a Salesman," who was a common workingman with a wife and two kids.The reason that there is such an absence of tragedies in this day and age, is that "the turn which modern literature has taken toward the purely psychiatric view of life, or the purely sociological," has been one that creates skepticism. With so much thinking involved, and analyzing, no one can really enjoy a play for what it is—pure entertainment. By constantly trying to figure out a reason for why something happened, the audience can no longer accept tragic action, let alone heroic action. This, along with the societal belief that in order for a protagonist to be recognized as a character he must be faultless, has made tragedy nearly impossible. Every person has his/her faults, even the great Hamlet had his downfall; his ambivalence and indecisiveness brought him down. Just as Willy Loman’s lack of self-esteem and feelings of inadequacy are what destroyed him.

Life of a Slave in the Caribbean Essay -- Slavery Caribbean History Cu

Life of a Slave in the Caribbean The experience of Caribbean slavery is vital in understanding the contemporary social structure of the region. It was the introduction of an estimated four million Africans to the Caribbean which made these islands melting pots of culture and society. Since Africans had such a tremendous impact on the region, it is important that we recognize the nature of slavery and how it transformed their lives. Although most agree that the institution was dehumanizing, the social relations of slavery help to explain the development of the Caribbean’s identity. In order to understand slavery it is imperative to recognize that it’s introduction to the Caribbean was driven by colonizers need for economic expansion and development. The growth of the sugar industry throughout the region during the seventeenth century was intimately connected with the enslavement of Africans. The slaves were the means for extracting agricultural resources which could then be sold at a profit in Europe. The leaders in colonization during this period were the French, Dutch, English, and Spanish and initially slaves were simply an input for their final product. Thus slaves were not seen as human but part of a larger machine that was being profited by colonizers. As slavery developed an complex social hierarchy emerged on plantations. At the bottom of the social order, but at the backbone of the plantation economy, were the field slaves. The field slaves were divided into "gangs" depending on the strength of their bodies. For example, "the first gang on any estate comprised the most able-bodied males and females, with subsequent gangs organized according to a descending order of physical strength and ability" (Knight 130). The ... ...show their resistance for slavery. Again, when involved in maroon communities they had tactics for defending their runaway slaves. Although this occurred throughout the exploitation colonies the maroon communities were vital for the success of the Haitian revolution. Ultimately there is no single way of defining the slave experience in the Caribbean. It was a complex institution which developed in a variety of ways on the different colonies. It was the diversity in plantation system which can be attributed to the variance in the development of what the racial and cultural mosaic of the Caribbean today. Works Cited Beckles, Dr. Hillary, Verene Shepherd. Caribbean Slave Society and Economy. The New Press, New York. New York, N.Y. 1991. Knight, Franklin W. The Caribbean, The Genesis Of a Fragmented Nationalism. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y. 1990.

Consumer Questionnaire for Soft Drinks Essay

1.What is your monthly budget for consumption of drinks? Ans- Around Rs 300. 2 .Are you satisfied with the drinks available to you in the market? Ans- Yes, although different flavours would be appreciated, along with aerated fruit drinks. 3.Do you find the price range of these drinks to be appropriate?what is yan approximation of an ideal prioce? Ans- Not really. As it exceeds the budget if you generally eat out more than twice a week as is the case with most people. Rs 15 for 200 ml 4.Are you willing to make changes to your existing choice of product?what would u like to see in a drink? Ans- Yes, if a new product with my requirements is available. Less sugar , less preservatives natural, no preservatives colour calories etc 5.What more do you expect from your drink manufacturer that can help you to derive maximum satisfaction? Ans-Healthier drinks are more appreciated as opposed to sugar filled carbonated drinks. Also the pricing can be changed to make it better for consumers to buy on a regular basis. QUESTIONNAIRE FOR RETAILERS- MORE MANAGER, SADAKAT PEERZADE 1.What is your approximate profits from the sale of Soft drinks per month? Ans- turnover Around 1-2 lakhs, about 2-3 % . 2.Are you willing to take up promotional activities for a new range of products in this line? What kind? Ans- yes if the product is up to the standards we require and we get some incentives. 3.What is the feedback received from the consumers regarding the available products? Ans- Customers wanted more healthy options, drinks with less sugar, the most popular being Real fruit juices. 4.Do the existing manufacturer provide you assistance for the marketing of  their products? Ans-Yes such as discounts on products and special offers offering extra quantity at the same price. Coupon booklets are also used along with leaflets. 5.Do you suggest any changes in the Marketing/Distribution system which can help to save cost? Ans- Providing more coolers and other storage facilities for stock to ensure better distribution. Also better packaging, quick deliveries so extra stock need not be kept. Free samples.

Medical Terminology Essay

1. How can eliminating abbreviations reduce errors? Abbreviations are usually used for convenience, to save space and to avoid the trouble of spelling out the word fully. Abbreviations are used in medical records and in medical language. Though the usage of abbreviations do have some advantage and make the recording easy and faster, there are several difficulties that could be faced in using abbreviations in medical record. It makes it difficult for the medical professional to understand properly, takes longer to train medical personnel, and it delays proper patient care and often times it hinders patient care. So eliminating abbreviations can reduce and avoid to certain extent some of these difficulties. Spelling out the word will help understand the message properly and give the right kind of treatment or service as required. Proper communication becomes impossible when abbreviations are used sparingly in documentation. â€Å"When we rely on abbreviations in our business writing, we start a process of â€Å"inbreeding† that may prevent us from clearly communicating our thoughts to people outside our company, department, or discipline. Readers are intimidated when they see a bunch of abbreviations; rather than risk embarrassment by asking you what the abbreviations stand for, they’ll read without really comprehending your message (or will skip your document altogether). To make your writing clear, use abbreviations sparingly and explain every abbreviation you do use. Always define an abbreviation the first time you use it†. 2. Should written polices be developed for Abbreviation usage? If yes, what should the policies contain? If no explain. Yes, it is essential that written polices be developed for abbreviation usage. This will help in using the abbreviations properly and will avoid the consequent errors and difficulties in communication, especially in medical records and communication. In medical record keeping, already there are regulations in using abbreviations: â€Å"Each healthcare facility develops its won list of acceptable abbreviations (that can be used in documents produce in that facility) and a list of unacceptable or â€Å"do not use abbreviations†. In addition to that (JCACHO) has a list of abbreviations that should not be used because they cause errors. JCAHO’s National Safety Goal states that these   abbreviations must appear on a facility’s â€Å"do not use list†.2 So the written policies should contain a list of abbreviations that can be used and should not be used to avoid errors in medical as well as in all documents and communi- cation. â€Å"JCAHO also has addressed errors in interpretation of abbreviations commonly used in health records by publishing a prohibited abbreviation list. The abbreviations note on the list should not be found in the patient health care records of their accredited providers. providers†. 3. When are abbreviations acceptable? Who should use them and why? Abbreviations are acceptable in documents and communication. It is a method of communication In saving time, space and trouble in spelling out the full word. As such using abbreviation can help in solving certain time consuming communication. Medical and technical professionals are the main users of abbreviation. â€Å"Abbreviated terms—whether abbreviations, initialisms, acronyms or symbols—save time, space, and the needless repetitions. However, decisions about acceptable and appropriate abbreviations remain ambiguous in modern publishing. While few general rules apply, in most cases, writers need to be familiar with the rules and conventions recognized by specific Usage authorities.† â€Å"Only abbreviations and symbols approved by the organization should and/or medical staff rules and regulations should be used in the health record.†5 In an organization, the rules and regulations in using abbreviations should be written and maintained as a policy item and should be informed to all the staff, so that proper communication and accurate record keeping are possible by avoiding errors and confusion, at the same time saving much time and effort in searching for the right word and meaning of abbreviations use. â€Å"Organizations that create or use abbreviations often in their work should develop an abbreviation data base or glossary to ensure consistency. This data base will also serve as the basis for decisions about abbreviations among different disciples and organizations.† 4. According to the information in the online articles, do you think enough steps have been taken to reduce errors? Explain why you agree or disagree. No, not enough steps have been taken to reduce errors. In fact there is not much done so far to reduce errors occurring from the use of abbreviations. At present the use of abbreviations have increased tremendously due to the internet and internet based communication facilities. â€Å"Widespread use of electronic communication through mobile phones, and the internet during 1990’s allowed for a marked rise in colloquial abbreviation. This was due largely to increasing popularity of textual communication services such as instant-and text messaging. SMS for instance supports message†. In spite of such increased use of abbreviations, there is no proper step taken to avoid errors in modern methods of communication. Even in technical and medical profession there is need for improvement in streamlining the usage of abbreviations. Specific rules and regulation should be outlined for abbreviation usage in all fields so that the related errors and confusion in the usage of abbreviations can be reduced if not eliminated. REFERENCE: 1. Gary Black and Robert W Bly: The Elements of Business Writing, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York,1991, p. 116 2. Susan Turley: Medical Language, p. 26 3. Merida L Johns: Health Information Management Technology, AHIMA, Chicago, 2007, p. 93. 4. Philip Rubens: Science & Technical Writing, Routledge, New York, 2001, p. 125 5. Medida L Johns; Health information Management Technology, AHIMA, Chicago, 2007, p. 92 6. Philip Rubens: Science & Technical Writing, Routledge, New York, 2001, p. 126 7. Internet: Wikipedia, Abbreviation, p.2

Project Repote on Lakme

Details of planning, organising, staffing and directing functions. In this chapter we shall learn the details of coordinating and controlling functions. You know that the various business activities of an organisation are grouped and carried out by different departments and within each department there is division and sub-division. In order to achieve the organisational goals effectively, there is need to ensure that activities of such divisions, sub-divisions and departments are harmonised and duly monitored so that the performance of the organisation conforms to the plans and the prescribed time schedule.This is achieved through proper coordination and control of the activities of all groups. Let us now learn about the concepts of coordination and control and the various steps involved in the control259 Notes MODULE -3 Business Management 14 CO-ORDINATION AND CONTROLLING You have learnt about the various functions of management and gone through the details of planning, organising, staffing and directing functions. In this chapter we shall learn the details of coordinating and controlling functions.You know that the various business activities of an organisation are grouped and carried out by different departments and within each department there is division and sub-division. In order to achieve the organisational goals effectively, there is need to ensure that activities of such divisions, sub-divisions and departments are harmonised and duly monitored so that the performance of the organisation conforms to the plans and the prescribed time schedule. This is achieved through proper coordination and control of the activities of all groups.Let us now learn about the concepts of coordination and control and the various steps involved in the control process. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you will be able to: explain the meaning and significance of coordination; explain the meaning of control; describe the characteristics of control and the importance of controlling; and identify the steps involved in the process of control. 14. 1 MEANING OF CO-ORDINATION In every organisation, different types of work are performed by various groups and no

Jack London and His Call of the Wild Essay

â€Å"He was sounding the deeps of his nature, and of the parts of his nature that were deeper than he, going back into the womb of Time. † – Jack London, The Call of the Wild, Ch. 3 (Jack London Quotes). This quote summarizes the success of Jack London’s writing career in one simple sentence. London’s success and inspiration for his naturalist style can be accredited to the way in which he was raised, and his experiences during his lifetime. Jack London, was born John Griffith Chaney on January 12, 1876 near San Francisco, California. His mother was abandoned by London’s real father, William Chaney a traveling astrologer, shortly after it was discovered she was expecting Jack. This later influenced London’s decision to leave his family at a young age. His mother remarried quickly, and Jack took on his stepfather’s name, London. Because of complications, London was primarily raised by Virginia Prentiss, a former slave, until he was around five years of age (Stern 700). The family lived in poverty, and he had many siblings, but was not particularly close with any of them (Jack London Biography). At age 13, he quit school, borrowed money for a boat, and began harvesting oysters in the Pacific Ocean. By the age of 15, Jack was a successful business man, and known around the docks as â€Å"The King of the Oyster Pirates† (Stern 700). He later reflected on this difficult time by stating, â€Å"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but sometimes, playing a poor hand well† (Jack London Quotes). He was later caught in this illegal act and then hired as part of the coast patrol because of his extensive knowledge of the sea. After a voyage to Japan with the patrol, he returned to California in the middle of a recession (London, Jack). After struggling to find a steady job, London joined Coxey’s army, a hobo organization (Jack London Biography). After becoming bored with that, he enrolled in high school and completed a four year degree in just one year. Shortly afterward, London enrolled at the University of California on borrowed money (Jack London). While attending the University he spent large amounts of time in the school’s library reading the vast collection of books. Among these were works from Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, and most importantly, Charles Darwin. Influenced by his readings, London created his own fusion of socialism, male dominance and white superiority beliefs (London, Jack). In fact, some experts even refer to his books, White Fang, and The Call of the Wild, as fiction versions of Darwin’s Evolution (Stern 700). In the middle of London’s college career, the first Klondike gold rush began. In 1897 alone, over 30,000 men, London among them, rushed to the Yukon territory in search of the precious metal. The majority, like London, returned unsuccessfully. Although he didn’t get rich on gold in the Yukon, he would later be rich on something else from the cold, harsh place; his memories, inspiration for two of his most successful novels, White Fang and Call of the Wild (Yukon). Around the turn of the century, Robber-barons as they were called, monopolized businesses, companies, then entire industries. Jack knew this fact, and believed that writing was his only way out (Jack London). London’s very first writing success Typhoon off the Coast of Japan, inspired by his trip to Japan, came in 1900, the same year he married his first wife, Bess Maddern. Together they had two daughters, Joan and Bess (Jack London Biography). During his first marriage, London published some of his most successful stories, including Call of the Wild (1903) and Sea Wolf (1904) both in which he dramatized â€Å"atavism, adaptability, and the appeal to the wilderness† (Jack London). In 1905, following an affair, London divorced Bess Maddern and married Charmair Kittredge. He later used his second spouse’s character as the protagonist in many of his works. London encouraged Charmair to pursue writing, and with his help, published three books, including a biography over Jack because of his eventful past (Stasz 1). Later that same year, London found his true love, Beauty Ranch. Later in his life he stated, â€Å"I write for no other purpose to add the beauty that now belongs to me. I write a book for no other reason than to add three or four hundred acres to my magnificent estate† (Jack London Quotes). London’s only true love perhaps, was the wilderness, traveling, and the great outdoors. In his later years he was well traveled, visiting Japan, Canada, Cape Horn, Australia, and even Mexico (David 1). London had nearly completed his dream house on Beauty Ranch when it mysteriously burned down; arson was suspected. From then on London’s health slowly but steadily declined. Jack London died on November 22, 1916 due to Kidney failure (Stern 700). Jack London is often considered the first American author to gain international fame through his fiction works alone. Although a very successful author, even in other countries, London’s books also received harsh criticism. His ideas and concept were said to, lack consistency and precision. He also struggled with other thoughts. He wrote and supported women’s suffrage, yet believed in male dominance. London supported white superiority, yet thought it was shameful that, the reckless white men destroyed the cultures of the natives he had seen while searching for gold (Stasz 1). Despite being known for his novels, London also wrote a few non-fiction books, and many short stories, his most famous being To Build a Fire, inspired by his own adventures in the Yukon (London, Jack). Although London went through many adventures, he did not credit these to his inspiration. When asked where he received his inspiration he answered, â€Å"You can’t wait for inspiration. You have to go after it with a club† (Jack London Quotes). Jack Londons writing’s are some of the most famous works of naturalism of all time. They have been described as, â€Å"works that deal romantically with elemental struggles for survival. He is one of the most extensively translated of American authors† (David 1). Jack London was a go-getter. Although he died at a young age (40), he accomplished much during his lifetime. The proper function of man is to live, not to exist. I shall not waste my days in trying to prolong them. I shall use my time† (Jack London Quotes). London’s success and inspiration for his naturalist style can be accredited to the way in which he was raised, and his experiences during his lifetime. For without these, London would’ve had nothing to write about. Because of the role fate played in his life, London grew to become one of the most successful authors of all time, and his books continue to sell in our modern day and age.

The Impact of Internet and Digital Culture on Workplace Ethics Essay

The Impact of Internet and Digital Culture on Workplace Ethics - Essay Example It would not be mistaken to say that each generation has its own time and technology and a similar amount of satisfaction but only enjoying at different times (Misa, 2004). This study aims at explaining the e describing the historical emergence and growth of the internet as a facility, its effects alongside its growth patterns and its effects on different generations. The onset and use of technology is defined and equally affected by some factors such as its democratization, its ease and flexibility of use (as opposed to other media) (Ferdinand, 2000), its different designations that serve different audience and, the effect of patterns, tastes and preferences of particular audience on its designing over time and space (Proctor & Vu, 2005). These factors are therefore explored in different lengths and at different areas of focus throughout this study. Whether old or modern, as reiterated above, all media exists within and is an aspect of technology (Manovich, 2001). Technology exhibits a typical flux nature; that is, its growth and development are progressive processes (Manovich, 2001). Each form and module of technology operates perfectly well in a given timeframe and then gets defaced and replaced by another as time goes by. Telegraph was perhaps the first electromagnetic form of communication. Later, the telephone emerged in form of a listening device. Then the technological experimentations bore analog media in forms of cinematography, radio, and TVs. It was in the 1940s when TVs were invented. The following years saw the idea of TVs as perhaps the best invention of the time due to its entertainment both as a leisure activity and workplace motivation. The global society was enthusiastically detached from written information and adopted TVs as the best and entertaining alternative. In some societies, TVs were even a mark of ho usehold financial abilities.

Mrs. Fields Write Up... ISMG 3000 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mrs. Fields Write Up... ISMG 3000 - Case Study Example This was followed by the creation of Combination Stores that were not merely Cookie Selling Stores but also offered a wide range of other bakery products like Croissants, Bread, Hot Soups and sandwiches etc that were all being sold initially under the brand name of La Petite Boulangerie separately that had now been purchased by the Fields’. Moreover, these were not only store outlets but were sit-down cafes as well. The Field’s took these actions because they wanted to expand on their existing business. They were afraid that their name was well established in the present times but this may not be persistent and the monotony in their products and sales outlets may lead to the drifting away of their trusted customers as well. Since they were earning stable benefits and all their business processes were running smoothly Mr. Field thought that the merging of one or more companies into their existing setup would bring the well hailed boost to their product line. Mr. Field was primarily eyeing the revenue that he expected would be generated when the merger of the purchased companies would eventually be complete. Mr. Field was foreseeing the purchasing over even more new stores as a result of the revenue he expected to earn after this practical merger. His main motive was that he will have enough profits to make future payments by them. The demographical strength of the fields’ store, he thought would not effect any slight fluctuations in the economy that might take place during the transitional process of incorporating new companies and earning profits for the further new companies that were expected to be added to the combinational Stores’ Chain. Being an LPB store manager I wouldn’t be the happiest person on Earth. The company thatwas managed by me was being sold to another owner and rather than being downsized. Thus the

Cultural Diverse Backgrounds Assignment 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cultural Diverse Backgrounds 3 - Assignment Example As a result of working together in our home, my mother had taught my siblings and me the value of family. Until now, we have a close relationship to each other and to our mother. As I remember, my mother treated my older brother, sister and I similarly and yet differently as well. It was dependent on our varied temperament and behavior. Being the only girl, my sister was shy so my mother was more soft-spoken and more gentle when scolding her. She was harder on my brother and I because we were more stubborn and naughtier than my sister. My grandparents were from Ireland and had to learn English. This difficulty in culture was one my mother did not want us to deal with. At an early age, she taught us English and yet never failed to remind us of our Irish heritage. Influence from religious beliefs was strong. My mother is Catholic and so are we. I remember mother teaching us to pray before meals and before we went to sleep. She would take us to church and remind us that God is good and we could ask Him for help but should also thank Him for our graces. Finally, my mother believed that children learn from their mistakes. So, she let us be hurt growing up. She was there to console us though and explain why we were hurting and how to deal with our problems. She let us solve our own problems but was ready to help if we asked

ERP in Public Sector Oman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ERP in Public Sector Oman - Essay Example Vulnerable individuals such as the underage, old people, the mentally handicapped, the sick are ethically entitled to special considerations against discrimination, abuse, deception or even exploitation. In the conduct of research, the issue of ethical obligation to this category of the public demands a well-planned method to protect their interests, reactions, and suggestions about the ERP implementation in Oman public sector.Another ethical issue expected in this research is the circumstances where the interviewee expects or goes to an extent of requesting special services or bribery; some even ask for monetary assistance in return for their participation in the research. This is illegal and it brings about conflict of interest, as the information given will most likely be questionable.Oman is a country which is part of the expansive Arab states in the Maghreb region; traditionally, it has been using the Sharia law as part of its judicial system to govern and rule over its subjects and government operations as a whole. One of the branches of its judicial systems is the restriction it has placed on social interactions between men and women. The social segregation according to sex has made men largely prohibited from women’s realms, and vice versa. This is most likely to create difficulties in collecting data if the information has to come from a member of the opposite sex.Another legal factor that may be considered during my research is the issue of justice and fairness for all respondents.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 44

Marketing - Essay Example A research conducted by the City analysts has predicted that Sainsbury’s is likely to register a decline in its grocery sales by 2.5% for the preceding three months. This is with the exclusion of fuel. This is going to be a big setback for Salisbury’s given that it has, for the last decade, registered only an increase in the sale of its groceries. Salisbury’s used to record all these profits until the consumers in the U.K changed their shopping habits. This was also due to the emergence of Aldi and Lidl which are discount chains. It is also noted that the prices of food fall considerably. With these changes in the markets, the big four supermarket chains in the U.K, Salisbury’s Tesco, Asda and Morrisons, have lost their market share was almost a fifth in the previous two months. Despite the fall in the market share, Morrisons is however indicated by the latest Kantar sales figures to be growing. This is unlike the other three chains of supermarkets. James Anstead, who is an analyst at Barclays, has predicted that predicted that the sales in like-for-like products for Salisbury’s are likely to drop by 25%. This is due to the coming on board of the discount chains which have offered immense competition to the supermarkets. It is indicated also that the brand of Aldi is more worth than that of Tesco. Tesco having reported a similar decline as Salisbury’s, it therefore means that the brand of Aldi is also more worth than that of Salisbury. It is predicted that in the next five years, the sales for the supermarkets are going to drop as the discounters and online shopping double their sales. The increase in sales for online shopping and the discounters is estimated at 92.9% and 82.2% respectively. This is unlike the supermarkets whose sales are expected to drop by 2.9% until the end of the year 2020. The increase in the

Children and Advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Children and Advertisement - Essay Example The advertisers target the children in their advertisement since they are the most likely to change and adopt the corporations ideologies. Companies and large advertising agents seek to create a future investment by influencing the children today without considering some of the effects they pose to these children. Changing a child’s perspective today means that the child will be oriented into buying the said product in the future and has a minimum chance to be influenced by the then advertisements. The paper will deliberate on the effects caused by television advertisements to children. The paper will reference children as a term to represent all those below the age of eighteen years. The first effect attributed to watching commercials on the television is being persuaded to seek the product. Dittmann (2014) states that children tend to recall most of the ad’s content following a single exposure to the commercial. These commercials increase a child’s desire to possess the advertised product without considering the limitations and the challenges associated with the acquisition. Commercials incorporate psychological research to make them more compelling and convincing (Dittmann, 2014). Through the use of doublespeak, these advertisements persuade the children that they ought to have the product and an easy way to achieve their goal is to nag the parent. Doublespeak is the deliberate use of language that disguises the actual meaning (Lutz, 1997). Advertisers have adopted the use of doublespeak in their commercials to mask their intent and persuade children into acquiring these products. Lutz (1997) states that advertisers use words to show product superiority even when the products are of equal quality to the competitors’. For example, advertisers gloss over the competition’s disadvantages that certain products present through the manner in which they

Application Letter to the University of Fairleigh Dickinson Essay

Application Letter to the University of Fairleigh Dickinson - Essay Example I have always wanted to get a degree from a reputed university that will offer me innumerable opportunities in life from numerous perspectives. When considering applying to a university, I have based my choices and preferences on a number of criteria such as the reputation of the university, the cosmopolitan nature offered at the campus, the range of courses offered, importance to activities apart from study and lastly the emphasis laid on the exposure to internationalism. I strongly believe that among the choices that I have considered and researched, the Fairleigh Dickinson University certainly has come to outscore the others as it has provided me with such an insight that has left me mesmerized and created an urge in me to come in and experience the rich heritage personally. The first and the foremost things that captivated my thought when I had a look at the university web portal was the vast number of campuses, colleges and the range of mediums over which priceless education was being offered to prospective students. I sincerely felt that such an extended range of courses left me with much more than I could expect to choose from. I believe that it is extremely important in terms of my career to choose a course of my choice as I firmly believe that in order to succeed at work, true commitment and a liking for the job is a must. At a personal level, I have always wanted to support the expenses for my education and I was delighted and encouraged upon finding the extensive range of scholarship options that the university offers. I was also encouraged by the fact that the university plays host to a large contingent of students from other countries and I have always been willing to meet new people of different cultures and see the world through them. I strongly believe that if I get an opportunity to meet people from as much as 80 countries, my self-belief of being a global citizen will be further strengthened. I am also happy and encouraged by the